THMs removal from aqueous solution using hydrochar enhanced by chitosan nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, kinetics, equilibrium studies

Abstract In this study, novel green and economical techniques were established to synthesize modified banana peel hydrochar (HBP) through hydrothermal carbonization. Chitosan nanoparticles, a adsorbent with multiple features, prepared, characterized, used enhance the performance of in THMs removals. The optimal method for carbonization was determined based on previously cited methods. dried peels HBP characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), pH, zero point charge, bulk density. prepared chitosan nanoparticles scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission (TEM), zeta potential techniques. average size 12.1 nm, 1:1 mixture removal from an aqueous solution. concentrations measured gas chromatography, effect THMs’ initial concentrations, doses, temperature, pH value adsorption capacity studied. results showed that efficient removing solutions. This found be effective solution, even at low temperature values, estimated maximum sorption ( q m ) 588.23 g −1 , exceeding numerous other adsorbents studied, regression coefficient R 2 = 0.9959) data fitting Freundlich isotherm. research has offer great avenue future development implementation water treatment. It could lead improved methods treating water, which would beneficial both environmental protection economic growth. developed had high affinity toward compounds, making viable technique containing such contaminants.